The empirical research followed a quantitative, correlative approach, utilizing a sample of n = 300 German business professionals from various fields and applying measures of emotional and behavioral commitment, perceived leadership communication quality, perceived leadership style (transformational, transactional, or avoidant), and employee personality were administered using an online survey. Leadership and personality variables alike are considered potential predictors of organizational commitment, as it is assessed within this study both from the perspective of emotional and behavioral aspects. Leadership is discussed within the framework of transformational, transactional, and avoidant leadership. Following this leading research scope, a literature review is conducted, describing different models of organizational commitment and its multi-factorial structure. This study examines the association between employees’ personality, organizational commitment, and perception of their leaders’ behavior and communication quality. Personality Matters: Prediction of Organizational Commitment Using Leadership and Personality The implications, discussion, and conclusion are also discussed. The mediating effect of prosocial motivation between teachers’ self-efficacy and OCB has not been discussed in the prior studies.
The present study contributes to the literature by analyzing the novel framework within the Pakistan context. In a nutshell, this study demonstrates self-efficacy enhances pro-social motivation and OCB within academic settings with reference to Pakistan, advocating that if teachers are confident to perform a task, they can also demonstrate their extra-role behavior. The results indicate that self-efficacy leads to organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) and pro-social motivation, moderated by incivility and mediated by pro-social motivation. SPSS 22.0 and Amos 22.0 were used along with Process by Hayes for moderated mediation analysis. For this purpose, data has been collected through questionnaires (N = 301) using convenience sampling in three-time phases with two weeks gaps between each phase. The direct and indirect effects of self-efficacy of teachers towards their OCB through prosocial motivation have been observed in this study. Self-efficacy is the employee's belief in him about his skills to perform tasks in different situations.
This study investigates the relationship between self-efficacy and Organization Citizenship Behavior (OCB), moderated by incivility and mediated by pro-social motivation.